{"id":949,"date":"2014-06-27T16:06:17","date_gmt":"2014-06-27T16:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/?p=949"},"modified":"2026-03-01T13:46:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T11:46:54","slug":"raportul-elvetian-stabileste-fundatia-ca-bitcoin-sa-devina-bani-legal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/blog\/raportul-elvetian-stabileste-fundatia-ca-bitcoin-sa-devina-bani-legal\/","title":{"rendered":"Raportul Elve\u021bian Stabile\u0219te Funda\u021bia ca Bitcoin s\u0103 devin\u0103 Bani Legal"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"swiss-law-300x185\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Consiliul Federal al Elve\u021biei, ramura executiv\u0103 format\u0103 din \u0219apte membri a na\u021biunii, a emis un nou raport de 25 de pagini legat de monedele digitale, care urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 defineasc\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 cum aceasta consider\u0103 c\u0103, companiile specifice Bitcoin ar trebui s\u0103 fie reglementate \u00een conformitate cu legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare.<\/p>\n

Vestea vine ca urmare a unei cereri din septembrie de c\u0103tre membrul Partidului Socialist elve\u021bian Jean Christophe Schwaab pentru organizarea scrierii raportului, cel care a fost \u00een mod oficial acceptat ca o ini\u021biativ\u0103 de c\u0103tre Consiliul Federal \u00een luna decembrie.<\/p>\n

Consiliul Federal are capacitatea de a crea ordonante, dar doar Parlamentul este capabil de a crea legisla\u021bie, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eentre timp recomandarea sa final\u0103 – care trebuie s\u0103 fie adoptat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 noi reglement\u0103ri – va stabili un precedent legal semnificativ \u0219i de lung\u0103 durat\u0103, raportul nu are dreptul legal de a determina dac\u0103 Bitcoin se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een regulament specific direct. Astfel de decizii r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een responsabilitatea Autorit\u0103\u021bii de Supraveghere a Pie\u021bei Financiare elve\u021bian (FINMA).<\/p>\n

Schwaab a declarat pentru CoinDesk:<\/p>\n

„Raportul este doar opinia guvernului, dar ei nu au un punct de vedere juridic”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Triumful comunit\u0103\u021bii<\/strong><\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i, claritatea general oferit\u0103 de raport a fost l\u0103udat\u0103 de membrii locali al ecosistemului Bitcoin.<\/p>\n

CEO al Elve\u021biei, Alexis Roussel, cu baza \u00een moneda digital\u0103, broker SBEX, a indicat faptul c\u0103 recomand\u0103rile vor face mai mult pentru a aduce stabilitate afacerilor din regiune, declar\u00e2nd pentru CoinDesk:<\/p>\n

„Acum ne putem a\u0219tepta la urm\u0103toarele: nicio modificare a legisla\u021biei \u00een urm\u0103torii doi ani, [\u0219i] o dezvoltare bun\u0103 a doctrinei administrative \u00een jurul Bitcoin<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

Asocia\u021bia Elve\u021bia Bitcoin (BAS), asocia\u021bia local\u0103 de comer\u021b Bitcoin, a fost la fel de pozitiv\u0103 \u00een evaluarea sa de analiz\u0103 a guvernului, declar\u00e2nd:<\/p>\n

„Raportul concluzioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 Bitcoin este reglementat de legile existente \u0219i c\u0103 nu este nevoie de noi reglement\u0103ri. Aceasta este o veste excelent\u0103 \u0219i \u00een deplin\u0103 conformitate cu punctele noastre de vedere.<\/em>”<\/p>\n

BAS a ad\u0103ugat c\u0103 raportul chiar sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 o cale clar\u0103 pentru ca Bitcoin \u00eentr-o zi s\u0103 aib\u0103 statutul recunoscut ca fiind bani legali \u00een Elve\u021bia, men\u021bion\u00e2nd „raportul spune c\u0103 \u00een prezent singurul lucru care \u00eei lipse\u0219te lui Bitcoin pentru a deveni bani […] este volatilitate sc\u0103zut\u0103<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, acest lucru a fost doar una din cele mai multe idei ale raportului pentru operatori locali, precum \u0219i firme interna\u021bionale care doresc \u00eendrum\u0103ri cu privire la modul de a servi cel mai bine pe pia\u021ba intern\u0103 de lider bancar interna\u021bional.<\/p>\n

TVA-ul este pu\u021bin probabil<\/strong><\/p>\n

Probabil, mai ales pentru utilizatorii locali, raportul sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 monedele Bitcoin vor fi tratate nici ca un bun \u0219i nici ca un serviciu c\u00e2nd sunt folosite sub forma unui mijloc de plat\u0103. Prin urmare, limbajul s\u0103u nu sugereaz\u0103 nicio tax\u0103 pe valoarea ad\u0103ugat\u0103 (TVA) care s\u0103 trebuiasc\u0103 s\u0103 fie aplicat\u0103 \u00een timpul unei pl\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Recomandarea reprezint\u0103 o pauz\u0103 de la poten\u021biale\u0219e aplica\u021bii \u00een legisla\u021bia german\u0103, care ar \u00eencerca s\u0103 impoziteze monedele Bitcoin care sunt schimbate \u00eentre comercian\u021bi \u0219i cump\u0103r\u0103tori \u00een timpul achizi\u021biilor.<\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i, Luzius Meisser, pre\u0219edintele BAS , sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 o astfel de interpretare nu este destul de clar\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201dAvem un alt indiciu puternic c\u0103 moneda Bitcoin este scutit\u0103 de TVA. Pentru a fi 100% sigur, trebuie s\u0103 a\u0219tept\u0103m raportul \u00een curs de la Federa\u021bia Elve\u021bian\u0103 a Administra\u021biei Fiscale.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd Bitcoin este utilizat ca un mijloc de plat\u0103 \u00een v\u00e2nzarea sau schimbul de bunuri \u0219i servicii, raportul Consiliului Federal a constatat c\u0103 astfel de activit\u0103\u021bi nu trebuie s\u0103 fie supuse unor legi pe pie\u021bele financiare.<\/p>\n

Raportul explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 „Monedele Bitcoin sunt un mijloc de plat\u0103 care, la r\u00e2ndul lor, pot fi utilizate pentru a achizi\u021biona bunuri sau servicii<\/em>„. Acest lucru scute\u0219te pl\u0103\u021bile Bitcoin din Legea bancar\u0103, „deoarece nu exist\u0103 bani sau monede Bitcoin colectate de c\u0103tre un partid<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

Reguli ad\u0103ugate pentru depozite<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, anumite acte, cum ar fi Legea federal\u0103 cu privire la b\u0103nci \u0219i b\u0103ncile de economii, Legea federal\u0103 privind bursele de valori \u0219i tranzac\u021biile cu valori mobiliare \u0219i Legea federal\u0103 privind combaterea sp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor \u0219i finan\u021b\u0103rii terorismului \u00een sectorul financiar, ar trebui s\u0103 se aplice pentru \u00eentreprinderile care efectueaz\u0103 tranzac\u021bii Bitcoin \u0219i care sunt considerate depozite, se precizeaz\u0103 \u00een raport.<\/p>\n

Raportul explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 tranzac\u021biile ar trebui s\u0103 fie considerate depozite „ \u00een cazul \u00een care un dealer Bitcoin accept\u0103 soldurilor de credit \u00een monede oficiale privind conturile proprii ale dealer-ului, cu scopul tranzac\u021biilor valutare viitoare<\/em>„, sau „\u00een cazul \u00een care comerciantul accept\u0103 monede Bitcoin de la clien\u021bi pentru viitoarele schimburi de tranzac\u021bii iar clientul nu este capabil s\u0103 dispun\u0103 de monede Bitcoin \u00een orice moment, f\u0103r\u0103 implicarea dealer-ului<\/em> „.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul \u00een care o astfel de societate a dat faliment, raportul sus\u021bine, monedele Bitcoin ar putea fi considerate active de faliment la un nivel egal ca soldurile de credit acceptate \u00een bani.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, raportul face loc pentru excep\u021bii. De exemplu, raportul afirm\u0103 c\u0103 „este \u00eenc\u0103 posibil, \u00een conformitate cu practica de FINMA pentru a preveni aplicabilitate Legii bancare \u00een cazul \u00een care o banc\u0103 supravegheat\u0103 de c\u0103tre FINMA garanteaz\u0103 rambursarea integral\u0103 a depozitelor<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

Reguli pentru platforme de tranzac\u021bionare<\/strong><\/p>\n

Platformele de tranzac\u021bionare, definite ca fiind cele care totodat\u0103 aduc \u00eempreun\u0103 \u0219i atribuitorii cump\u0103r\u0103tori dar \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103torii, ar trebui s\u0103 fie reglementate \u00een conformitate cu legile \u00een vigoare ale pie\u021bei elve\u021biene, se prezint\u0103 \u00een raport.<\/p>\n

Din nou aici, raportul face o distinc\u021bie \u00eentre \u00eentreprinderi Bitcoin care de\u021bin conturi \u0219i cele care nu fac, declar\u00e2nd:<\/p>\n

„Conteaz\u0103 dac\u0103 operatorul accept\u0103 soldurilor de credit \u00een bani \u00een acest scop de la utilizatori ai platformei de pe conturile proprii ale operatorului sau dac\u0103 operatorul accept\u0103 monede Bitcoin de la utilizatorii de la care clien\u021bii nu sunt \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 dispun\u0103 \u00een orice moment, f\u0103r\u0103 implicarea operatorului<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

Depozitele f\u0103r\u0103 acest control sunt considerate a fi depozite \u00een conformitate cu Legea bancar\u0103, „\u00een cazul \u00een care operatorul men\u021bine soldurilor de credit \u00een bani sau monede Bitcoin pentru utilizator pe baz\u0103 comercial\u0103 \u0219i permanent\u0103, \u0219i care pot fi folosite de c\u0103tre utilizator pentru achizi\u021bionarea viitoare \u0219i v\u00e2nzarea de monede Bitcoin prin intermediul platformei<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, legile de combatere a sp\u0103l\u0103rii de bani nu ar trebui s\u0103 se aplice \u00een ambele tipuri de platforme de schimb Bitcoin.<\/p>\n

De exemplu, motivele raportului pentru care operatorii care aduc \u00eempreun\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi pentru cump\u0103rarea \u0219i v\u00e2nzarea de Bitcoin nu trebuie s\u0103 efectueze AML due diligence.<\/p>\n

Cererile Codului penal<\/strong><\/p>\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd se uit\u0103 la cererile Bitcoin din Codul penal elve\u021bian existent, Consiliul Federal este de p\u0103rere c\u0103 operatorii de schimb Bitcoin „pot fi condamna\u021bi pentru sp\u0103lare de bani<\/em>„, \u00een conformitate cu articolul 305.<\/p>\n

Raportul a sugerat sanc\u021biuni CSB care se aplic\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd o „persoan\u0103 care opereaz\u0103 o platform\u0103 de tranzac\u021bionare de monede virtuale \u0219i realizeaz\u0103 un act care are ca scop frustrant identificarea originii, urm\u0103rirea, sau confiscarea activelor de care persoana \u0219tie sau trebuie s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i asume, prin urmare, sunt considerate o crim\u0103<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

Deoarece monedele digitale, de asemenea, se calific\u0103 drept de proprietate, raportul a men\u021bionat c\u0103 anumite sanc\u021biuni pentru deturnarea, frauda \u0219i utilizarea ilegal\u0103 a activelor financiare se pot aplica, de asemenea, \u00een astfel de cazuri.<\/p>\n

Legea privind combaterea sp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor se aplic\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd la „intermediari financiari<\/em>„, acesta fiind un termen pe care raportul \u00eel consider\u0103 a se referi la afacerile Bitcoin care necesit\u0103 o licen\u021b\u0103 bancar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, regulamentele de CSB pot aplica la \u00eentreprinderile Bitcoin care nu se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 defini\u021bie, extind\u00e2ndu-se la activit\u0103\u021bi comerciale reglementate de lege.<\/p>\n

Afacerile Bitcoin guvernate de legile care trebuiesc \u00eentr-un comportament conduc la „cerin\u021be de due diligence pentru prevenirea sp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor \u0219i finan\u021b\u0103rii terorismului”. Aceasta include rapoarte de depozit a Sp\u0103l\u0103rii Banilor privind Biroul de Raportare Elve\u021bia (OPR) \u00een cazul \u00een care ei cred c\u0103 indiviziisp\u0103l\u0103 bani sau folosesc un alt mod de operare cu inten\u021bii criminale.<\/p>\n

Utilizatorii individuali Bitcoin care pl\u0103tesc pentru produse \u0219i servicii cu monede Bitcoin nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie supu\u0219i nici unei legi AML, sugereaz\u0103 raportul. Comercian\u021bii Bitcoin profesionali, prin compara\u021bie, ar trebui s\u0103 efectueze unele verific\u0103ri \u00een func\u021bie de m\u0103rimea tranzac\u021biei, chiar \u0219i \u00een unele cazuri, atunci c\u00e2nd acestea nu men\u021bin o rela\u021bie de afaceri.<\/p>\n

ATM-urile sunt emi\u021b\u0103toare de bani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Raportul a inclus mai mult ecouri din recenta decizie a \u021b\u0103rii, pentru a permite operatorilor Bitcoin de ATM-uri s\u0103 implementeze ma\u0219ini, cu condi\u021bia c\u0103 acestea aplic\u0103 pentru o licen\u021b\u0103 de transmitere de bani.<\/p>\n

Consiliul Financiar a indicat c\u0103ma\u0219inile de schimb Bitcoin nu sunt performante pentru schimb valutar, ci mai degrab\u0103 pentru transmitere de bani, cum ar fi posibil ca numerarul depus \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103 s\u0103 fie retras de la o alt\u0103 loca\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Astfel de abilit\u0103\u021bi de transfer sunt \u00eentr-adev\u0103r o piatr\u0103 de temelie a eforturilor Robocoin de a deveni un serviciu global de remiten\u021be \u0219i banc\u0103, cu un nou set de caracteristici \u0219i un hardware lansat \u00een aceast\u0103 lun\u0103.<\/p>\n

Raportul a indicat faptul c\u0103 \u00een timp ce o mic\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103, nu este nesemnificativ\u0103, declar\u00e2nd:<\/p>\n

„Aceast\u0103 distinc\u021bie este relevant\u0103 \u00een care transmiterea de bani este \u00eentotdeauna considerat\u0103 a fi pe o baz\u0103 profesional\u0103 din cauza riscurilor mai mari asociate a sp\u0103l\u0103rii de ban<\/em>i”.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin \u00een calitate de moned\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

De asemenea, raportul c\u00e2nt\u0103rit pe tema dac\u0103 monedele Bitcoin reprezint\u0103 bani \u00een sensul tradi\u021bional. \u00cen timp ce Consiliul Federal a considerat c\u0103 Bitcoin nu corespunde acestei defini\u021bii, \u00een prezent, ea a spus c\u0103 aceasta prezint\u0103 „caracteristici cheie ale banilor<\/em>„, care la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, face reglement\u0103rile \u00een vigoare aplicabile \u00een schimbul lor.<\/p>\n

„Acestea sunt unit\u0103\u021bi de valoare cu care bunuri \u0219i servicii reale pot fi achizi\u021bionate, care sunt acceptate de c\u0103tre o comunitate \u00een calitate de mijloc din plat\u0103 \u0219i a c\u0103ror valoare financiar\u0103 nu depinde de valoarea lor intrinsec\u0103<\/em>„, se prezint\u0103 \u00een raport.<\/p>\n

Ca rezultat, Elve\u021bia pare s\u0103 sugereze c\u0103 Bitcoin ar trebui s\u0103 fie tratat ca o moned\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103, aceasta fiind o opinie tot mai pledat\u0103 pe plan interna\u021bional.<\/p>\n

Raportul a declarat:<\/p>\n

„\u00cen cazul \u00een care este, de asemenea, luat \u00een considerare faptul c\u0103 schimbul de monede Bitcoin \u00een monedele oficiale este, \u00een principiu, posibil \u00een orice moment \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii, nu exist\u0103 niciun motiv pentru a trata astfel de activit\u0103\u021bi de schimb diferit de la schimbul de valute str\u0103ine<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

Persistentele \u00eentreb\u0103ri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meisser, in timp ce este pozitiv cu privire la implica\u021biile raportului, vede o zon\u0103 \u00een care orientarea nu reu\u0219e\u0219te. El a afirmat c\u0103, din punct de vedere juridic, Consiliul Federal nu \u0219i-a dat \u00een mod clar un aviz de cum ar trebui s\u0103 fie trata\u021bi minerii de Bitcoin \u00een conformitate cu legea.<\/p>\n

Meisser a indicat c\u0103, deoarece minerii de Bitcoin proceseaz\u0103 tranzac\u021bii, acestea ar putea fi considerate intermediari financiari \u00een interpretarea Consiliului Federal, \u0219i s\u0103 se supun\u0103 reglement\u0103rilor propuse pentru aceste entit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Meisser a declarat:<\/p>\n

„[Apelarea la minerii Bitcoin intermediari financiari] ar fi, \u00een opinia mea gre\u0219it. Spre deosebire de b\u0103nci – minerii Bitcoin nu pot deturna de monedele Bitcoin care le prelucreaz\u0103<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

Ca atare, Meisser sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 guvernul Elve\u021biei ar trebui s\u0103 fac\u0103 anun\u021buri suplimentare pentru a oferi claritate deplin\u0103 ecosistemului Bitcoin local .<\/p>\n

Desigur, modele de afaceri individuale sunt susceptibile de a provoca complica\u021bii, conteaz\u0103 c\u0103 raportul spune c\u0103 va fi determinat\u0103 de FINMA, \u00een calitate de aceasta se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 „\u00een domeniul de aplicare de atribu\u021biilor sale<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sursa: coindesk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Consiliul Federal al Elve\u021biei, ramura executiv\u0103 format\u0103 din \u0219apte membri a na\u021biunii, a emis un nou raport de 25 de pagini legat de monedele digitale, care urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 defineasc\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 cum aceasta consider\u0103 c\u0103, companiile specifice Bitcoin ar trebui s\u0103 fie reglementate \u00een conformitate cu legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare. Vestea vine ca urmare a unei cereri din septembrie de c\u0103tre membrul Partidului Socialist elve\u021bian Jean Christophe Schwaab pentru organizarea scrierii raportului, cel care a fost \u00een mod oficial acceptatRead More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[597,166],"class_list":["post-949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-bitcoin","tag-bitcoin-bani-legali"],"yoast_head":"\nRaportul Elve\u021bian Stabile\u0219te Funda\u021bia ca Bitcoin s\u0103 devin\u0103 Bani Legal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Raportul Elve\u021bian Stabile\u0219te Funda\u021bia ca Bitcoin s\u0103 devin\u0103 Bani Legal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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