{"id":878,"date":"2014-06-22T07:23:23","date_gmt":"2014-06-22T07:23:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/?p=878"},"modified":"2026-03-01T13:46:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T11:46:54","slug":"cauze-ale-furtului-sau-pierderii-de-bitcoin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/blog\/cauze-ale-furtului-sau-pierderii-de-bitcoin\/","title":{"rendered":"Cauze ale furtului sau pierderii de Bitcoin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cu toate c\u0103 to\u021bi Bitcoinii sunt cunoscu\u021bi publicului, ce face un utilizator s\u0103 cheltuiasc\u0103 monedele pe care le posed\u0103 \u0219i care sunt asociate cheii private? Furtul sau pierderea cheii private sau uitarea semn\u0103turii sunt acela\u0219i lucru cu pierderea banilor \u00een lumea cu care suntem to\u021bi obi\u0219nui\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Atacuri Malware<\/h2>\n

Atacurile Malware asupra Bitcoin par s\u0103 fie \u00een cre\u0219tere, ca rezultat av\u00e2nd furturi de chei private. Serviciul de portofele digitale, mybitcoin.com, a pierdut anul trecut 1.3 milioane de dolari \u00een urma unui atac malware. Printre solu\u021biile care trebuie avute \u00een vedere, noi enumer\u0103m:<\/p>\n

Pragul de criptografie<\/strong><\/p>\n

O contram\u0103sur\u0103 natural\u0103 pentru malware este s\u0103 \u00eempar\u021bi cheile private \u00een share-uri aleatorii, folosind tehnici standard ale pragului de criptografie \u0219i s\u0103 le distribui \u00een mai multe loca\u021bii ( de exemplu, pe calculatorul desktop, pe smartphone \u0219i la un serviciu online specializat cu a\u0219a ceva ). \u00cen acest fel, doar c\u00e2nd unul din acestea colaboreaz\u0103, utilizatorul poate cheltui banii. Desigur, f\u0103c\u00e2nd acest lucru \u00eentr-un mod prea intens poate afecta sistemul, din moment ce monedele nu mai pot fi cheltuite prin operarea mai multor device-uri ( chiar dac\u0103 nu toate device-urile sunt necesare, ci doar un num\u0103r limitat din acestea ).<\/p>\n

Super portofelele digitale<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pentru a ne adresa \u00eengrijor\u0103rii legate de utilizabilitate, ne propunem o idee simpl\u0103 precum super portofelele digitale, \u201eo banc\u0103 personal\u0103\u201d unde marea majoritate a monedelor sunt stocate. Super portofelul este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit pe mai multe device-uri, folosind metode precum cea anterior amintit\u0103 cu pragul de criptografie. \u00cen plus, utilizatorul poart\u0103 un mic \u201esub portofel\u201d cu el pe smartphone. Tranzac\u021biile preaprobate sunt setate astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t utilizatorul s\u0103 poat\u0103 scoat\u0103 bani din super portofelul digital c\u0103tre sub portofel, \u00een mod periodic \u0219i \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mici ( similar cu ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 ast\u0103zi cu b\u0103ncile \u0219i cum impun scoaterea de bani din bancomate \u00een doze foarte mici ).<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul de fa\u021b\u0103 utilizatori au nevoie doar de smartphone-uri pentru a cheltui banii pe care \u00eei are \u00een portofel, iar \u00een caz c\u0103 smartphone-ul este furat, utilizatorul pierde doar o mic\u0103 cantitate de bani pe care \u00eei are \u00een portofelul de pe smartphone ( sub portofel, a\u0219a cum l-am numit anterior ), \u00eens\u0103 deloc din cantitatea pe care o are \u00een banca personal\u0103 ( sau super portofelul digital, a\u0219a cum am numit-o mai devreme ). Cantit\u0103\u021bi mari pot fi \u00eentotdeauna cheltuite din super portofelul digital folosind metoda pragului de criptografie \u0219i device-uri asociate acesteia.<\/p>\n

\"131118221627-china-bitcoin-story-top\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pierderea accidental\u0103 de Bitcoin<\/p>\n

Except\u00e2nd partea cu malware, e\u0219ecurile sistemului sau erorile umane pot cauza pierderea accidental\u0103 a portofelului care rezult\u0103 \u00een pierderea monedelor ( transform\u00e2nd monedele pierdute \u00een monede zombie \u2013 cele care nu mai pot fi recuperate niciodat\u0103 ). De exemplu, Bitomat, unul din cele mai mari exchage-uri de Bitcoin, a pierdut la un moment dat Bitcoini \u00een valoare de 200.000$ din cauza pierderii fi\u0219ierelor portofelului digital, cauz\u0103 ce a fost identificat\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu ca fiind o eroare uman\u0103.<\/p>\n

Copie de rezerv\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen mod natural, r\u0103spunsul universal \u00eempotriva pierderilor accidentale sau alte modalit\u0103\u021bi de distrugere a datelor este s\u0103 urm\u0103re\u0219ti cele mai bune practici \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te procedurile unei copii de rezerv\u0103. Pentru astfel de scopuri, fi\u0219ierele portofelului ar trebuit tratate ca orice alt activ privat criptografic, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 aceste copii de rezerv\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i propun s\u0103 devin\u0103 triviale. \u00cen cazul Bitcoin, lucrurile devin complicate din momentul cre\u0103rii cheilor.<\/p>\n

Cheile pseudo-aleatoare<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pentru a evita crearea unei copii de rezerv\u0103 \u00een mod constant \u00een timp ce tot str\u00e2ngem bani \u00een portofelul digital, o solu\u021bie ar fi s\u0103 gener\u0103m aceste chei private deloc \u00eentr-un mod aleator, ci pseudo-aleator, folosind un PRG ( Patient Reference Group ).<\/p>\n

Encriptarea<\/strong><\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 idee ar fi s\u0103 encript\u0103m portofelul folosind o parol\u0103 \u00eendeajuns de puternic\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t portofelul s\u0103 nu poat\u0103 fi deschis nici de criptanali\u0219ti. Aceast\u0103 abordare este \u00een mod special folosit\u0103 \u00een corelare cu cheile pseudo-aleatoare. Problema principal\u0103 aici pare s\u0103 fie urm\u0103toarea: cu c\u00e2t parola este mai dificil\u0103 de re\u021binut, cu at\u00e2t ea este mai puternic\u0103 dar \u0219i mai u\u0219or de uitat, iar ceea ce pute\u021bi face este s\u0103 o nota\u021bi pe o coal\u0103 de h\u00e2rtie, s\u0103 fi\u021bi siguri c\u0103 nu o uita\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Encriptarea offline pe baza unei singure parole<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aceasta este o solu\u021bie ce se bazez\u0103 pe un sistem optim de encriptare cu parol\u0103, ce ofer\u0103 securitate optim\u0103 \u00eentre dificultatea parolei \u0219i c\u00e2t de bine poate fi aceasta \u021binut\u0103 secret. Utilizatorii pot seta foarte multe parole cu o astfel de securitate pentru un scop comun: de exemplu, o parol\u0103 pe care s\u0103 o foloseasc\u0103 \u00een fiecare zi, complex\u0103 \u0219i inteligent\u0103 \u0219i o alt\u0103 parol\u0103 pentru copia de rezerv\u0103 care s\u0103 fie simpl\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 nu dea prea multe b\u0103t\u0103i de cap.<\/p>\n

Encriptarea online pe baza parolelor multiple<\/strong><\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 abordare pentru a combina puterea a c\u00e2torva secrete memorabile \u00eentr-un singur loc foarte securizat, este folosirea de protocoale. Fiecare membru \u00eentr-un cerc de prieteni are asociat\u0103 o descriere scurt\u0103 \u0219i una lung\u0103, \u00een timp ce unul singur este distins ca fiind lider. F\u0103r\u0103 a-\u0219i spune secretele, membrii pot face opera\u021biuni private pentru decriptarea mesajelor care \u021bin de lider. Cu protocoale de genul acesta, un grup de utilizatori pot coopera pentru a l\u0103sa liderul s\u0103 cheltuiasc\u0103 bani din portofelul s\u0103u. Aceast\u0103 abordare ofer\u0103 un nivel foarte ridicat de siguran\u021b\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba pierderilor.<\/p>\n

P\u0103r\u021bi de \u00eencredere<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oricare din abord\u0103rile de mai sus pot fi combinate cu p\u0103r\u021bi de \u00eencredere ( reprezentate \u00een mare parte de device-uri ), care sunt p\u0103r\u021bi dedicate ale hardware-ului care ofer\u0103 posibilitatea oamenilor de manipulare a datelor criptografice \u00een afara zonelor afectate de malware. De exemplu, b\u0103ncile europene folosesc DigiPass. Din p\u0103cate, \u00een timp ce protocoalele de \u00eencredere sunt bine cunoscute \u0219i sigure, nu ai de unde \u0219tii dac\u0103 serverul de care apar\u021bin protocoalele nu este compromis (\u00een cazul b\u0103ncilor ). \u00cen cazul Bitcoin, serverul respectiv este propriul t\u0103u calculator, posibil infectat cu malware sau al\u021bi viru\u0219i.<\/p>\n

Aceasta este o problem\u0103 interesant\u0103 la care ai putea s\u0103 g\u0103se\u0219ti singur solu\u021bii \u0219i asupra c\u0103reia ai putea \u00eencepe s\u0103 meditezi data viitoare c\u00e2nd Bitcoinii \u00ee\u021bi sunt \u00een pericol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cu toate c\u0103 to\u021bi Bitcoinii sunt cunoscu\u021bi publicului, ce face un utilizator s\u0103 cheltuiasc\u0103 monedele pe care le posed\u0103 \u0219i care sunt asociate cheii private? Furtul sau pierderea cheii private sau uitarea semn\u0103turii sunt acela\u0219i lucru cu pierderea banilor \u00een lumea cu care suntem to\u021bi obi\u0219nui\u021bi. Atacuri Malware Atacurile Malware asupra Bitcoin par s\u0103 fie \u00een cre\u0219tere, ca rezultat av\u00e2nd furturi de chei private. Serviciul de portofele digitale, mybitcoin.com, a pierdut anul trecut 1.3 milioane de dolari \u00een urma unuiRead More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":880,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[148,147,27],"class_list":["post-878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-securitate","tag-furt-sau-pierdere-bitcoin","tag-malware-bitcoin","tag-securitate-bitcoin"],"yoast_head":"\nCauze ale furtului sau pierderii de Bitcoin - Bitcoin Romania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Furtul sau pierderea cheii private sau uitarea semn\u0103turii sunt acela\u0219i lucru cu pierderea banilor \u00een lumea cu care suntem to\u021bi obi\u0219nui\u021bi.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/blog\/cauze-ale-furtului-sau-pierderii-de-bitcoin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cauze ale furtului sau pierderii de Bitcoin - 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