{"id":1376,"date":"2014-09-03T14:40:14","date_gmt":"2014-09-03T14:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/?p=1376"},"modified":"2026-03-01T13:46:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T11:46:45","slug":"clasificarea-legala-elementelor-bitcoin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/blog\/clasificarea-legala-elementelor-bitcoin\/","title":{"rendered":"Clasificarea Legal\u0103 A Elementelor Bitcoin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Una din cele mai mari \u00eentreb\u0103ri care apar \u00een jurul Bitcoin are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu legalitatea acestuia. Guvernul Statelor Unite ale Americii are un drept exclusiv \u00een emiterea monedelor. Nu doar c\u0103 constitu\u021bia ofer\u0103 putere Congresului asupra emisiunii de bani, \u00eens\u0103 actul de pl\u0103\u021bi din 1862 limiteaz\u0103 abilitatea p\u0103r\u021bilor private atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de crearea de bani. Este prezentat mai pu\u021bin clar dac\u0103 Bitcoin se afl\u0103 sau nu sub acest act \u2013 totul depinz\u00e2nd de interpretarea legal\u0103. Cu toate acestea, foarte mul\u021bi academicieni contrazic faptul c\u0103 respectivul act nu a mai fost updatat din 1899 \u0219i c\u0103 nu ar trebui s\u0103 se aplice monedelor din noile epoci. Asum\u00e2nd faptul c\u0103 Bitcoin este o entitate legal\u0103, acesta ar trebui clasificat \u00een cadrul legal deja existent \u00eenainte ca acesta s\u0103 fie reglementat. Altfel, o nou\u0103 legisla\u021bie ar trebui s\u0103 fie necesar\u0103. Sub clasificarea existent\u0103, Bitcoin poate fi reglementat ca un transmi\u021b\u0103tor antreprenorial, o securitate sau un contract de investi\u021bii, o moned\u0103, o comoditate sau un fond de transfer electronic.<\/p>\n

Un transmi\u021b\u0103tor antreprenorial este definit ca o afacere care transmitere fonduri de la o persoan\u0103 la alta \u0219i trebuie ob\u021binut\u0103 o licen\u021b\u0103 \u00een 48 de state inclusiv \u00een Districtul din Columbia pentru a func\u021biona. Sub Bank Secrecy Act, banii transmi\u021b\u0103tori trebuie \u00eenregistra\u021bi la FinCEN, s\u0103 fie p\u0103stra\u021bi regi\u015ftrii consumatorii \u0219i reportate toate tranzac\u021biile suspicioase. Acest lucru, \u00een conjunc\u021bie cu USA Patriot Act serve\u0219te la prevenirea sp\u0103l\u0103rii de bani \u0219i finan\u021b\u0103rile teroriste. C\u00e2\u021biva participan\u021bi la ecosistemul Bitcoin pot fii subiect pentru astfel de reglement\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Este totodat\u0103 posibil s\u0103 clasific\u0103m Bitcoin ca un contract de investi\u021bie. Cazul de reper SEC v. W.J. Howey Co. a definit securitatea investi\u021biilor ca un contract, tranzac\u021bie sau schem\u0103 unde o persoan\u0103 investe\u0219te o sum\u0103 de bani \u00eentr-o \u00eentreprindere \u0219i urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 profit \u00een urma eforturilor unei p\u0103r\u021bi ter\u021be. Avoca\u021bii Bitcoin contrazic faptul c\u0103 criptomonedele nu ating aceste cerin\u021be.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Economistul George Selgin clasific\u0103 Bitcoin ca fiind ni\u0219te bani sintetici \u2013 un hibrid \u00eentre o comoditate \u0219i o moned\u0103. Ca o comoditate, Bitcoin s-ar afla sub sfera de competen\u021b\u0103 a Comisiei Caracteristicilor de Tranzac\u021bionare \u00een Cazul Comodit\u0103\u021bilor. Actul ce prive\u0219te aceast\u0103 comisie define\u0219te comodit\u0103\u021bile ca fiind bunuri \u0219i servicii … \u0219i toate serviciile, drepturile \u0219i interesele \u00een care contractele pentru livr\u0103ri viitoare sunt concepute \u00een prezent sau \u00een viitor.<\/p>\n

\u00cen timp ce Bitcoin pare s\u0103 intre sub respectiva defini\u021bie, este bine s\u0103 not\u0103m faptul c\u0103 acesta difer\u0103 de comodit\u0103\u021bile tradi\u021bionale precum petrolul sau aurul deoarece nu este tangibil, nu are parte de valoare intrinsec\u0103 \u0219i nici suport din partea guvernului. Este mult mai dificil s\u0103 clasific\u0103m Bitcoin ca o moned\u0103 sub o defini\u021bie legal\u0103 existent\u0103. Din momentul \u00een care Bitcoin nu apar\u021bine legal niciunui guvern sau stat, acesta iese din orice defini\u021bie legal\u0103 a monedelor actuale. Cu toate acestea, este de cercetat dac\u0103 comisia amintit\u0103 anterior poate reglementa Bitcoin sub autorit\u0103\u021bile monedelor actuale.<\/p>\n

Mai multe de at\u00e2ta, Actul de Securitate din anii 1933 \u0219i 1934 spune c\u0103 moneda este sigur\u0103, lichid\u0103 \u0219i nu pune un risc de investi\u0163ii c\u0103tre public. Cu toate c\u0103 Bitcoin este o moned\u0103 at\u00e2t teoretic c\u00e2t \u0219i practic, acest lucru nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 se afl\u0103 sub defini\u021biile legale existente.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, Bitcoin ar putea fi reglementat sub Electronic Fund Transfer act \u0219i Reglementarea Rezervei Federale. Ambele servesc pentru drepturile \u0219i responsabilit\u0103\u021bile institu\u021biilor financiare \u00een care consumatorii sunt implica\u021bi. Un transfer de fonduri electronice este definit ca orice transfer de fonduri, diferit de tranzac\u021biile originale prin cec, cambie sau orice astfel de instrument, care este ini\u021biat prin intermediul unui terminal electronic, instrument telefonic sau calculator. Ecosistemul Bitcoin nu se calific\u0103 ca o institu\u021bie financiar\u0103 \u0219i nici nu are un agent autorizat central pentru a debita \u0219i credita conturile utilizatorilor. Mai mult de at\u00e2t, nu este clar ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 un cont \u00een infrastructura Bitcoin \u2013 o adres\u0103 individual\u0103 Bitcoin, o colec\u021bie de adrese sau un cont oferit de un serviciu de portofele? La fel cum au mai fost f\u0103cute clasific\u0103ri p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, acestea par s\u0103 nu se \u00eembine cu natura descentralizat\u0103 a monedelor virtuale, precum Bitcoin.<\/p>\n

L\u0103s\u00e2nd jargonul juridic de-o parte, este clar c\u0103 aceste clasific\u0103ri Bitcoin sub legile existente este un task foarte dificil. Exist\u0103 foarte mult spa\u021biu pentru interpret\u0103ri atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de reglementare, marea majoritate a acestora fiind create c\u00e2nd monedele digitale nu exist\u0103 \u00een perspectiva reglementatorilor financiari. Acum un an, \u00een august 2013, Bitcoin a avut parte de prima \u201eregul\u0103\u201d legal\u0103.<\/p>\n

Guvernul Statelor Unite ale Americii a c\u0103zut de acord cu faptul c\u0103 Bitcoinii pot fi folosi\u021bi ca bani \u0219i c\u0103 acesta poate fi folosit pentru achizi\u021bionarea de bunuri \u0219i servicii. Singura limitare este f\u0103cut\u0103 de oameni: acceptarea sau respingerea acestei monede, lucru care s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu orice alt\u0103 moned\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd era la \u00eenceput.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una din cele mai mari \u00eentreb\u0103ri care apar \u00een jurul Bitcoin are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu legalitatea acestuia. Guvernul Statelor Unite ale Americii are un drept exclusiv \u00een emiterea monedelor. Nu doar c\u0103 constitu\u021bia ofer\u0103 putere Congresului asupra emisiunii de bani, \u00eens\u0103 actul de pl\u0103\u021bi din 1862 limiteaz\u0103 abilitatea p\u0103r\u021bilor private atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de crearea de bani. Este prezentat mai pu\u021bin clar dac\u0103 Bitcoin se afl\u0103 sau nu sub acest act \u2013 totul depinz\u00e2nd de interpretarea legal\u0103. Cu toate acestea,Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[307],"class_list":["post-1376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bitcoin","tag-clasificarea-legala"],"yoast_head":"\nClasificarea Legal\u0103 A Elementelor Bitcoin - Bitcoin Romania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Asum\u00e2nd faptul c\u0103 Bitcoin este o entitate legal\u0103, acesta ar trebui clasificat \u00een cadrul legal deja existent \u00eenainte ca acesta s\u0103 fie reglementat.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/blog\/clasificarea-legala-elementelor-bitcoin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Clasificarea Legal\u0103 A Elementelor Bitcoin - 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