{"id":1318,"date":"2014-08-08T08:12:16","date_gmt":"2014-08-08T08:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/?p=1318"},"modified":"2026-03-01T13:46:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T11:46:47","slug":"protocolul-bitcoin-si-importanta-acestuia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/blog\/protocolul-bitcoin-si-importanta-acestuia\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocolul Bitcoin \u0219i importan\u021ba acestuia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri de obiecte care se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een cadrul re\u021belei Bitcoin: tranzac\u021biile \u2013 opera\u021biuni care combin\u0103, divid \u0219i remit bani \u2013 \u0219i blocurile care \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 tranzac\u021biile aprobate. Tranzac\u021biile \u0219i blocurile sunt adresate de o func\u021bie hash a informa\u021biilor obiective. Fiecare moned\u0103 poate fi g\u00e2ndit\u0103 ca un lan\u021b de semn\u0103turi digitale, fiind de\u021binut\u0103 de o adres\u0103 Bitcoin Specific\u0103, care const\u0103 \u00een func\u021bia criptografic\u0103 hash SHA-1 de 160 bi\u021bi al cheii publice din perechea ECDSA.<\/p>\n

Adi\u021bional, Bitcoin folose\u0219te un sistem de dovad\u0103 de munc\u0103 bazat pe protocolul Hashcash al lui Adam Back. Hashcash a fost propus ini\u021bial ca un mecanism pentru a combate spam-ul pe e-mail, al c\u0103rui succes era dependent de trimiterea unor num\u0103r enorm de mail-uri folosind un timp foarte mic \u0219i o foarte mic\u0103 putere a procesorului. Sub protocolul HashCash, un e-mail era trimis doar dac\u0103 o \u201e\u0219tampil\u0103 aprobat\u0103\u201d ar fi fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 antetului mail-ului. Pentru a genera \u0219tampila, cel care trimitea mail-ul alegea \u00een mod ini\u021bial un num\u0103r aleatoriu \u0219i \u00eel computeriza cu hash-ul SHA-1 de 160 de bi\u021bi al antetului.<\/p>\n

Un antet este valid doar dac\u0103 primii 20 de bi\u021bi ai hash-ului sunt to\u021bi zero. Altfel, cel care trimite ar trebui s\u0103-l incrementeze \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencerce din nou. Probvabilitatea g\u0103sirii unui antet acceptabil este una \u00een 2 la puterea 20, \u0219i poate se poate ajunge la acest lucru prin brut\u0103 for\u021b\u0103 cu metoda trial-and-error. Enigma acestei idei a fost faptul c\u0103 spammerii de mail-uri nu ar investi niciodat\u0103 \u00een alocarea de timp \u0219i putere a procesorului necesare pentru a genera aceste anteturi hash. Cu toate c\u0103 este dificil din punct de vedere al calculului pentru cel care trimite s\u0103 genereze un antet decent, este foarte u\u0219or pentru cel care prime\u0219te mail-ul s\u0103 verifice validitatea \u0219tampilei.<\/p>\n

\"Bitcoin_Logo\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Idea din spatele schemei Hashcash a fost aplicat\u0103 protocolului dovad\u0103 de munc\u0103 Bitcoin, care implementeaz\u0103 marcaje de timp distribuite oferind un registru complet cu fiecare tranzac\u021bie Bitcoin f\u0103cut\u0103 vreodat\u0103. Tranzac\u021biile valide sunt ad\u0103ugate blocurilor, care includ de asemenea un marcaj de timp. Blocurile tranzac\u021biilor ce sunt concepute dintr-un lan\u021b hash, vine cu blocuri care con\u021bine fiecare hash-ul precedentului bloc. Un bloc este ad\u0103ugat la lan\u021bul existent odat\u0103 ce dovada de munc\u0103 este solu\u021bionat\u0103, lucru care implic\u0103 incrementarea blocului p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd valoarea hash-ului rezultat are num\u0103rul necesar de zero bi\u021bi. Asemenea Hashcash-ului, cantitatea medie de munc\u0103 necesar\u0103 este exponen\u021bial\u0103 \u00een num\u0103rul de zero bi\u021bi necesar \u0219i poate fi verificat prin executarea unui singur hash.<\/p>\n

Pe scurt, mecanismul lan\u021bului de blocuri previne dubla cheltuire. Lan\u021bul de blocuri, echivalent cu un registru public al tuturor tranzac\u021biilor din trecut, este distribuit tuturor utilizatorilor din re\u021beaua peer-to-peer Bitcoin. Fiecare nou\u0103 tranzac\u021bie este verificat\u0103 \u00eempotriva lan\u021bului de blocuri pentru a asigura c\u0103 monedele cheltuite anterior nu sunt reutilizate. Odat\u0103 ce tranzac\u021bia a fost validat\u0103 pentru o dubl\u0103 cheltuire, este ad\u0103ugat\u0103 lan\u021bului de blocuri existent al tranzac\u021biilor aprobate. Re\u021beaua peer-to-peer ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een mod esen\u021bial ca o parte ter\u021b\u0103 de \u00eencredere, asigur\u00e2nd faptul c\u0103 nicio dubl\u0103 cheltuire nu poate avea loc. \u00cen conjunctur\u0103 cu acest lucru, sistemul dovezii de munc\u0103 previne utilizatorii r\u0103ut\u0103cio\u0219i de la modificarea blocurilor tranzac\u021biilor care au fost deja ad\u0103ugate lan\u021bului de blocuri.<\/p>\n

Protocolul Bitcoin stimuleaz\u0103 o istorie a tranzac\u021biilor corect\u0103 ce este reprezentat\u0103 de cel mai lung lan\u021b de blocuri din re\u021bea, acesta fiind lan\u021bul cu cea mai mare putere de procesare \u0219i dovad\u0103 de munc\u0103 deja investite. Cu toate acestea, utilizatorii muncesc pentru a extinde cel mai mare lan\u0163 de blocuri existent \u00een momentul de fa\u021b\u0103, care este conectat la blocul genesis. Alte ramuri mai scurte sunt blocuri invalide \u0219i ignorate de c\u0103tre re\u021bea.<\/p>\n

Acest lucru are dou\u0103 implic\u0103ri importante. Prima \u2013 datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 un bloc con\u021bine hash-ul criptografic al predecesorului, lan\u021bul de blocuri hash-uit con\u021bine doar conexiuni precedente. Odat\u0103 ce puterea procesorului a fost \u201echeltuit\u0103\u201d pe solu\u0163ionarea dovezii de munc\u0103 a unui bloc, acel bloc nu poate fi modificat f\u0103r\u0103 a reface dovada de munc\u0103 a tuturor blocurilor descendente. A doua \u2013 acest lucru ofer\u0103 tranzac\u021biilor Bitcoin proprietatea atractiv\u0103 de a fi ireversibile. Comercian\u021bii care se bazeaz\u0103 pe ecommerce-ul electronic sunt sensibili la fraude cu carduri de credit. De fapt, cu posibilitatea de reversibilitate, nevoia de a avea \u00eencredere \u00een p\u0103r\u021bi ter\u021be dispare. Comercian\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 fie con\u0219tien\u021bi de clien\u021bii lor \u0219i s\u0103 le cear\u0103 mai multe informa\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Structura lan\u021bului de blocuri a modelat stimulentele economice ale re\u021belei. Noi tranzac\u021bii sunt sunt realizate simultan \u00eentre to\u021bi utilizatorii, grupate \u00een noi blocuri. Primul utilizator care solu\u021bioneaz\u0103 dovada de munc\u0103 a blocului, face ca blocul s\u0103 se al\u0103ture lan\u021bului de blocuri \u0219i ca beneficiu, cel care solu\u021bioneaz\u0103 prime\u0219te o cantitate fix\u0103 de Bitcoini. Aceasta este singura modalitate prin care Bitcoinii pot fi mina\u021bi \u0219i ad\u0103uga\u021bi la baza monetar\u0103 curent\u0103.<\/p>\n

Putem observa faptul c\u0103 moneda definit\u0103 aici este at\u00e2t divizibil\u0103 c\u00e2t \u0219i fungibil\u0103. Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 o tranzac\u021bie con\u021bine mai multe intr\u0103ri \u0219i dou\u0103 ie\u0219iri. Dac\u0103 valoarea ie\u0219irilor dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te valoarea intr\u0103rilor combinat\u0103, diferen\u021ba este pl\u0103tita ca tax\u0103 a tranzac\u021biei.<\/p>\n

Mai mult de at\u00e2t, puzzle-ul dovezii de munc\u0103 este controlat de un algoritm adaptat, care ia \u00een considerare activitatea recent\u0103 a istoriei. Cu c\u00e2t este dedicat\u0103 mai mult\u0103 putere computerizat\u0103 pentru procesul de minare, algoritmul va face ca procesul de minare s\u0103 fie foarte dificil, astfel c\u0103 este asigurat\u0103 un bonus pentru minare la fiecare 10 minute, nu mai devreme, nici mai t\u00e2rziu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri de obiecte care se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een cadrul re\u021belei Bitcoin: tranzac\u021biile \u2013 opera\u021biuni care combin\u0103, divid \u0219i remit bani \u2013 \u0219i blocurile care \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 tranzac\u021biile aprobate. Tranzac\u021biile \u0219i blocurile sunt adresate de o func\u021bie hash a informa\u021biilor obiective. Fiecare moned\u0103 poate fi g\u00e2ndit\u0103 ca un lan\u021b de semn\u0103turi digitale, fiind de\u021binut\u0103 de o adres\u0103 Bitcoin Specific\u0103, care const\u0103 \u00een func\u021bia criptografic\u0103 hash SHA-1 de 160 bi\u021bi al cheii publice din perechea ECDSA. Adi\u021bional, Bitcoin folose\u0219te un sistem deRead More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1150,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[281],"class_list":["post-1318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bitcoin","tag-protocol-bitcoin"],"yoast_head":"\nProtocolul Bitcoin \u0219i importan\u021ba acestuia - Bitcoin Romania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Protocolul Bitcoin \u0219i importan\u021ba acestuia - Bitcoin Romania\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinromania.ro\/blog\/protocolul-bitcoin-si-importanta-acestuia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protocolul Bitcoin \u0219i importan\u021ba acestuia - 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